The main function of blood is to supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues and to remove waste products like carbon dioxide. The analysis of combined cardiovascular events included 708 276 people with a nono blood group and 476 868 people with an o blood group, of whom 17 449 2. The existence of an association between certain diseases and the abo blood groups was investigated by studying the bloodtype frequencies of 158 patients with pernicious anemia, 908 with gastric carcinoma, 1,839 with peptic ulcer, 866 with carcinoma of the breast, 395 with carcinoma of the lungs, 256 with carcinoma of the colon and rectum, 456 with leukemia, 327 with congenital anomalies. Blood is a connective tissue its volume is 56 l in males and 45 l in females it is slightly alkaline, with a ph of 7. Because two proteins are involved, there are four possible combinations or blood types abo groups. Myeloid blood producing tissue is found in the red bone marrow located in the spongy bone. Biological and clinical aspects of abo blood group system. I will accept nonblood volume expanders such as dextran, saline or ringers solution, or hetastarch and other nonblood management. Blood groups and personality traits pubmed central pmc. The symbol for a gene or cluster of genes controlling a blood group system is the italicized symbol for the system e. Antibodies are absent at birth, appear 1015 days after birth, reach. Six years ago, the american academy of pediatrics has recommended aborh typing and dat only on cord blood from all infants born to rh negative women. The system can be thought of as two separate groups.
Normally, the distribution of abo blood group varies from one population to another. New method detects multiple diseases via dna released from dying cells into blood. Blood group a a b blood group b a b blood group ab a b blood group o fig. Blood is an opaque red fluid consisting of the pale yellow plasma called serum when the fibrinogen is removed and the cells suspended in it the red corpuscles erythrocytes, the white corpuscles leukocytes and the platelets thrombocytes.
The mandate of the national blood service, ghana is to ensure an effective and coordinated national approach to the provision of safe, adequate and efficacious, blood and blood products, making it timely, accessible and affordable to all patients requiring blood transfusion therapy in both public and private. The kidd blood group system is relatively simple, in that it has only three antigens, jk a, jk b, and jk 3. Determination of the haemoglobin, genotype and abo blood. Guidance manual abo and rh blood grouping document id no. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. After a blood donation the body replaces plasma in about 24 hours, red cells are restored in two to four weeks, and platelets are replenished in about 72 hours. And your donation is critical in helping the community maintain a stable blood supply for emergencies.
Compared to women with blood group o, women with blood group ab or b had a nonsignificant 38% increase in ovarian cancer incidence 95% ci 0. The kell blood group system is formed by 2 disulfidelinked proteins, kell and xk. From the onset, the activities were inspired by the following guiding principles. Historically, most hospital laboratories performed a blood type and direct antiglobulin test dat on cord blood from all infants born to mothers who were either rh negative or blood group o. Blood types a blood group or blood type is based on the presence or absence of two proteins a, b on the surface of red blood cells. Group ab can donate to other abs, but can receive from all others. Receiving blood transfusions blood is made up of fluid called plasma that contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The mns antigen system is a human blood group system based upon two genes glycophorin a and glycophorin b on chromosome 4. The abo blood group system consists of four antigens a, b, o and ab. Blood you have about 5 liters of blood in your body.
Not affected by routine blood bank enzymespapain, ficin dtt and zzap denature all kell antigens, but not kx. With regard to blood transfusion, cooperation among member states started back in the 1950s. The distribution of abo blood groups among oral cancer cases and controls according to sex shows that out of 77 male oral cancer cases, 34% had blood group a, 26% had b, 1% had ab and 39% had blood group o, whereas among the controls, there were 22%, 21%, 6% and 51% people with the four blood groups, respectively. There are currently 46 antigens in the system, but the five most important are called m, n, s, s, and u. Depressed ab production or cannot produce the abo ab. A person may be given whole blood or only the parts of the blood needed to treat an illness or injury. The abo blood group is the same way, except that o means the absence of either a or b second link. As a person ages much of this marrow becomes fatty and ceases production. Blood group system crossword clue answer crossword heaven. Each ethnic group has specific differences in rare blood types. The differences of nine blood groups system in the three. Rbcs enter the blood at a rate of about 2 million cells per second.
The kell blood group system is complex and contains many antigens that are highly immunogenic. Relationship between abo blood groups and oral cancer. The genes controlling all of the blood group systems have been cloned and, in many cases, the gene locus has an alternative symbol table 1. The national blood service, ghana is an agency under the ghana ministry of health. The abo blood group antigens are one of the most important issues in transfusion. Lewis blood group system and secretor swisstransfusion 2012 dr. Table of blood group systems international society of. New method detects multiple diseases via dna released from. Pdf phenotyping of rh, kell, duffy and kidd blood group. The blood groups in relation to peptic ulceration and carcinoma of colon, rectum, breast, and bronchus. Antigen was named p because this was the first letter after the already assigned m, n and o.
Patients with tcell leukemia are also more likely to have central nervous system cns disease at diagnosis. No relationship between the blood groups and haemoglobin genotype was observed and there was no gender relationship. Organizational structure, procedures, processes, and resources needed to implement quality management. Some rare blood types exist predominantly in mongoloids such as variant mns or miltenberger subclasses and di a positive which were found in thais at about 9.
Other rare blood types can complicate donation, with 33 major blood groups recognized by international society of blood transfusion in 2012. Lewis blood group system and secretor swisstransfusion. The abo system is the primary blood typing used in transfusions. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. The rh blood group system connie westhoff t he rh blood group system is one of the most polymorphic and antigenic blood group systems. Nonabo blood antigens affect less common human blood groups. Distribution of abo, rh, mn and kell blood groups in central cuba. Facts about blood puget sound blood center is now bloodworks northwest. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. The or for combined cardiovascular events was significantly higher in nono blood group carriers, at 1. It is made of a fluid called plasma, two types of cells red blood cells and white blood cells, and particles called platelets. Blood has an important role in clinical diagnosis, because it is easy to collect and there are many diseases in which the blood composition.
The kell blood group blood groups and red cell antigens. Levine et al described antitj a now known as antipp1p k 1959. It is second only to abo in importance in blood transfusion and is well known as a primary cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn hdfn. Regulation helps regulate ph through buffers helps regulate body temperature helps regulate water content of cells by interactions with dissolved ions and proteins. Nono blood groups associated with higher risk of heart attack. Jk a and jk b are antithetical alleles, and the jk 3 is a highprevalence antigen. Antibodies that target kell antigens can cause transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn hdn. These antigens are the third most potent, after those of the abo and rh blood groups, at triggering an immune reaction. The correlation between abo blood group and susceptibility to certain infectious and noninfectious diseases is a controversial issue because lack of blood type antigens has not been related to. The principles and testing procedures for abo blood group systems. Pdf distribution of abo, rh, mn and kell blood groups in. Blood and blood components safety, quality, training and. Blood and immune system diseases surgery heart and blood vessel disease organ and bone marrow transplantation nearly 900 people must donate blood through puget sound blood center every day to meet the needs of local patients. Jk a and jk b differ from each other in a single amino acid in the extracellular domain.
I direct that no blood transfusions whole blood, red cells, white cells, platelets, or blood plasma be given to me under any circumstances, even if physicians deem such necessary to preserve my life or health. In many other studies, blood group o has been found. Group i discrepancies these discrepancies are due to. These antigens are known as oligosaccharide antigens, and widely expressed on the membranes of red cell and tissue cells as well as, in the saliva and body fluid. But it retains stem cells and can be called on to regenerate and produce blood cells later in an emergency. System name system symbol gene names chromosomal location cd numbers 021 cromer crom cd55 1q32.
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